Waging War without Congress First Declaring it
From the back cover: History readily proves there is sufficient evil in the world to make it essential for the United States of America to have a strong and capable military to provide for the common defense. Not surprisingly, the U.S. Constitution enumerates extensive war powers—including the power of Congress “To declare War” and the power of the President as “Commander in Chief of the Army and Navy of the United States...” to wage it. Yet, the United States’ last declared war was World War II (1941-1945), hardly America’s last prolonged military conflict. No formal declarations of war were ever declared for any of the later so-called “wars” of Korea (1950-1953), Vietnam (1964-1973), Iraq (off and mostly on since 1990) or Afghanistan (2001-present), or any number of smaller incursions in-between. With 100,000 American combat deaths from these non-declared wars and over $5 trillion (present-day dollar value) borrowed to fund them, the United States’ odd affair with undeclared wars continues to plague us. Whether the President cites authority under the U.N. Charter instead of the U.S. Constitution (like President Harry S. Truman, when sending troops into Korea) or points to open-ended military discretion given by Congress (like President Lyndon B. Johnson, when sending in troops into Vietnam), the Constitution is effectively bypassed when members of Congress allow the President the discretion to decide when to commit troops to long-term battle. *Waging War without Congress First Declaring It* examines the peculiar phenomenon of American Presidents repeatedly engaging in protracted armed conflicts without Congress first declaring war.